so-called gigafactories, vast plants that turn raw materials such as lithium into battery packs, by 2025.
, Samsung or Northvolt, which preferred European sites. Concerns over Brexit may have played a role, but the government was slower than peers. Johnson’s naive Brexit deal has made the shortage all the more critical: without homegrown batteries, UK cars may be subject to tariffs on EU exports or else dependent on EU manufacturers. The UK’s only big homegrown contender, Britishvolt, collapsed earlier this year.
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